CONNECTORS

1.       INTRODUCING CONTRAST OR OPOSING IDEAS

BUT	The story is short but (it´s) interesting
IN SPITE OF/DESPITE (+ noun/pronoun	The weather was awful. In spite of it, we went to the beach Despite the weather, we went to the beach
ALTHOUGH (+ clause) IN SPITE OF/DESPITE THE FACT THAT	Although she is very strong, she couldn´t lift the box
HOWEVER, …	He was quite ill. However, he went to work
ON THE ONE HAND… ON THE OTHER (HAND)	On the one hand the beach is fun. On the other (hand) I hate the sand. Jenny is a very friendly, but on the other hand she´s very bad-tempered

2.       SHOWING REASON, CAUSE AND PURPOSE

BECAUSE	I won´t go out because it´s very late
AS SINCE	As the concert is quite cheap, I´ll invite my sister
TO/IN ORDER TO (+infinitive) SO AS TO	He studied hard in order to pass his test
IN ORDER NOT TO (+infinitive) SO AS NOT TO	He studied hard in order not to fail

3.       GIVING EXAMPLES AND ADDING INFORMATION

FOR EXAMPLE FOR INSTANCE SUCH AS	Vegetables have a lot of vitamins; for instance, pepper has vitamin C
BESIDES / MOREOVER	I´m too busy to take a holiday. Besides, I haven´t got the money
APART FROM	Apart from English, she speaks three other foreign languages
EXCEPT (FOR)	He eats nothing except (for) bread and fish

4.       SHOWING SEQUENCE AND RESULT

FIRST OF ALL TO BEGIN WITH FIRST / FIRSTLY	First of all, we should speak to the manager
SECOND / SECONDLY THEN	Then, we must make a plan
FINALLY LASTLY	And finally, we must present our plan to the whole company
TO SUM UP IN CONCLUSION	To sum up, we must follow the rules if we want to be successful
THEREFORE / SO FOR THIS REASON AS A RESULT THAT´S WHY	He always keeps his car in good condition. For this reason, it always passes its annual road test

 COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPIATE CONNECTOR

1.      …………………………… her skiing accident last year, Diana is going skiing again this year

2.      What other places have you visited, ……………………………………. London and Oxford?

3.      ………………………….. there are laws against pollution, cars and factories continue to pollute the air.

4.      I´ve decided to go by train ……………………………….. I´m afraid of flying.

5.      ………………………….. my fear of flying, I´ve decided to go by plane.

6.      She moved to the front of the class ……………………………… see the blackboard.

7.      I like children but, ……………………………….., they give you lots of work.

8.      ……………………………………… he is a vegetarian, we couldn´t order meat for dinner.

9.      …………………………………….., we must get the money. ……………………………., we can talk about buying a new car.

10.  TV offers a wide variety of programmes, …………………………. news, sport and music.

11.  ………………………………….. the low price, I didn´t buy the jeans.

12.  He doesn´t like wearing glasses. ……………………………………, he wears contact lenses.

13.  All the students enjoyed the excursion …………………………………. Brian, who was very bored.

14.  I love travelling. ………………………… ,  it can be very expensive.

15.  He didn´t go to the party …………………………………… meet his ex-girlfriend. He knew that she would be there.

KEY

1.      DESPITE her skiing accident last year, Diana is going skiing again this year

2.      What other places have you visited, APART FROM London and Oxford?

3.      ALTHOUGH there are laws against pollution, cars and factories continue to pollute the air.

4.      I´ve decided to go by train ALTHOUGH I´m afraid of flying.

5.      DESPITE my fear of flying, I´ve decided to go by plane.

6.      She moved to the front of the class IN ORDER TO see the blackboard.

7.      I like children but, ON THE OTHER HAND, they give you lots of work.

8.      AS he is a vegetarian, we couldn´t order meat for dinner.

9.      FIRST, we must get the money. THEN, we can talk about buying a new car.

10.  TV offers a wide variety of programmes, FOR EXAMPLE news, sport and music.

11.  DESRITE the low price, I didn´t buy the jeans.

12.  He doesn´t like wearing glasses. FOR THIS REASON, he wears contact lenses.

13.  All the students enjoyed the excursion EXCEPT (FOR) Brian, who was very bored.

14.  I love travelling. HOWEVER ,  it can be very expensive.

15.  He didn´t go to the party IN ORDER NOT TO  meet his ex-girlfriend. He knew that she would be there.

TRAVEL AND HOLIDAYS

Here are some interesting links where you can find lots of vocabulary related to travel and holidays:

For terms related to hotels   with Spanish translation click HERE
For terms related to tourism with Spanish translation click HERE
For terms related to airports with Spanish translation click HERE

For terms related to airports with explanation in English click HERE

For basic general travel vocabulary click HERE

For travel and holiday vocabulary with explanation in English and sample dialogues click HERE

Here is a short video on the self-service baggage drop-off at Brussels airport

Now you can watch aVIDEOabout STANSTED AIRPORT in London but first have a look at the following vocabulary, which will help you understand everyhing much better.

CHECK-IN Coach autobús Coin-operated trolley By ramp, escalator or lift por rampa, escaleras automáticas o ascensor Screens display flight numbers and destinations las pantallas muestran… Hand baggage Restricted mobility Drop-off point Check-in Departure lounge Departure gate

SECURITY liquids, aerosols and gels in a resealable bag …en un bolsa que se pueda precintar suntan lotion bronceador toiletries artículos de aseo sharp items objetos punzantes pushchair sillita de paseo de niños sample probar items either by tasting them or rubbing them onto your skin taste probar rub frotar search your bags registrar las bolsas body search cacheo

SHOPPING and EATING Wide range of shops amplia gama de… Goods mercancias People in the green uniforms Spirits bebidas alcohólicas Take advantage of the free shop & collect service aprovecháte delservicio gratis de compra y recoge Easy, convenient and totally free fácil, cómodo y totalmente gratis

ENVIRONMENT Improve mejorar Access acceso Reinvest volver a invertir Cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians ciclistas, motoristas y peatones Encourage them to join the car share scheme se les anima a participar  en el programa para compartir coche Impact on the environment

NEW DESTINATIONS The whole world at their feet el mundo entero a sus pies Take off despegar There is more to the UK than London hay más cosas en el Reino Unido que  Londres Unspoilt countryside paisaje bien conservado, sin estropear A short drive away a poca distancia en coche

A PHOTOGRAPHER

Watch the video and get a general idea.

Watch the video again and answer the following questions. You have the key below.

1. When did he move to the States?
2. What did he study at college?
3. Why is his first camera so special?
4. What are his favourite things to shoot?_______, _________, ________
5. Why does he enjoy his job so much?

KEY

1. two years ago
2. Law (I graduated from Law, I went to Law School)
3. He inherited it from his grandfather
4. portraits, streets, sports
5. It entertains him, it distracts him, it stops him from worrying about everyday trouble and stress.

INTERESTING VOCABULARY

to photograph = to shoot

He was working for a newspaper when he decided to move to the States (Past Continuous and Past simple

At the moment he's living and working in New York. (at the moment= at present)

Notice the three different prepositions with the verb WORK:

He was working FOR a newspaper when...

He works AS a professional fashion photogrpher

He's working ON three different jobs

When he mentions his grandfather, he says:

He passed away when I was 7 years old ( Pass away = die )

When he speaks about his camera, he says:

I treasure it so much ( guardar como un tesoro )

I barely use it ( hardly ever )

It's still in mint condition ( en perfecto estado, como nueva)

It takes amazing quality photographs

Actually, it's this one ( en realidad )

Hollywood LA

Watch the video to get a general idea:

Watch the video again and try and fill in the blanks with the missing words and then check KEY below.:

-       1.   California is a state ______  the west _______ of the United States.

-       2.   There _______ 3 big cities in California: San Francisco in the _________, San Diego in the ________ and between _________ two Los Angeles, or LA.

-      3.    Los Angeles is a very ________ city, nearly 4 million people live ________.

-      4.    There ________ lots of different districts in the city, like Santa Monica ______the coast, and       Pasadena ________ the east.

-       5.   Some of _________ districts are very ________.

-       6..   Beverly Hills is a __________ area in the north.

-       7.   Rodeo Drive has a lot of __________ shops.

-         8. Hollywood is the ________ of the movies because you need good _________ to make movies.

-       9.    They do not make ________ movies today because it’s _______ expensive.

-       10.   The movie __________ employs lots of __________ in LA, about 250,000 in ________.

-       11.   Many actors,___________ and directors live in the city.

-        12.   The studios also employ a lot of ___________ and ___________ too.

-         13.  Hollywood does not make many movies any _________ but it makes  a lot of _______ programmes.

-      14.    In fact, programmes _________ CSI and Glee, which are set in  Las Vegas and Ohio ________ actually made in Hollywood.  




           KEY

-          1. California is a state ON  the west COAST of the United States.

-          2. There ARE 3 big cities in California: San Francisco in the NORTH, San Diego in the  EAST and between THESE two Los Angeles, or LA.

-          3. Los Angeles is a very BUSY  city, nearly 4 million people live THERE.

-          4. There ARE lots of different districts in the city, like Santa Monica ON the coast, and Pasadena IN the east.

-          5. Some of THESE districts are very RICH.

-          6. Beverly Hills is a FAMOUS area in the north.

-          7. Rodeo Drive has a lot of  EXPENSIVE shops.

-          8. Hollywood is the HOME of the movies because you need good  WEATHER to make movies.

-          9.They do not make MANY movies today because it’s TOO_ expensive.

-          10. The movie INDUSTRY employs lots of PEOPLE in LA, about 250,000 in TOTAL.

-          11. Many actors, WRITERS and directors live in the city.

-          12. The studios also employ a lot of AGENTS and LAWYERS too.

-          13. Hollywood does not make many movies any MORE but it makes  a lot of TELEVISION programmes.

-          14- In fact, programmes  LIKE CSI and Glee, which are set in  Las Vegas and Ohio ARE actually made in Hollywood.

Agreement and disagreement

If you want to agree with someone on something they have said you can do it in two different ways:

_ The easy way:

Agreement on something expressed in an affirmative sentence	Agreement on something expressed in a negative sentence
ME TOO  ( yo también)	ME NEITHER ( yo tampoco)

Examples:

Someone says	You say
I love swimming I can drive I am a student I was late I went to the cinema I have been to NY I will do it I would like an ice-cream	ME TOO
I don’t like football I can’t play the piano I am not the manager I wasn’t interested I didn’t apply for the job I haven’t been to Thailand I won’t go I wouldn’t like to be a doctor	ME NEITHER

-The not so easy way (using the auxiliary that corresponds to the sentence that has been said before and expresses what you agree or disagree on ):

Agreement on something expressed in an affirmative sentence	Agreement on something expressed in a negative sentence
SO + auxiliary + I	NEITHER + auxiliary + I

Examples:

Someone says	You say
I love swimming I can drive I am a student I was late I went to the cinema I have been to NY I will do it I would like an ice-cream	So do I So can I So am I So was I So did I So have I So will I So would I
I don’t like football I can’t play the piano I am not the manager I wasn’t interested I didn’t apply for the job I haven’t been to Thailand I won’t go I wouldn’t like to be a doctor	Neither do I Neither can I Neither am I Neither was I Neither did I Neither have I Neither will I Neither would I

If you want to disagree with someone on something they have said:

Use the auxiliary that corresponds to the sentence that has been said and that expresses what you disagree on.

Examples:

Someone says	You say
I love swimming I can drive I am a student I was late I went to the cinema I have been to NY I will do it I would like an ice-cream	I don’t     (A mi no, yo no) I can’t I’m not I wasn’t I didn’t I haven’t I won’t I wouldn’t
I don’t like football I can’t play the piano I am not the manager I wasn’t interested I didn’t apply for the job I haven’t been to Thailand I won’t go I wouldn’t like to be a doctor	I do          ( A mi sí, yo sí) I can I am I was I did I have I will I would